Lung Transplants in Delhi as a Beacon of Hope for Respiratory Illnesses

Lungs are essential organs in human beings. In fact, it is impossible to imagine a day without being able to breathe. However, in recent times, lung-related diseases are on the rise, and that is why it is not unnatural to look for a lung transplant in Delhi. Lung transplantation brings hope to people with severe lung diseases like COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. This procedure saves lives by replacing diseased lungs with healthy ones from a brain-dead donor. It gives patients a longer life and improved well-being.

How To Identify Lung Failure?

Lung failure often shows early signs that can help identify the condition. Shortness of breath is common and may occur during physical activities or even while resting in severe cases. A persistent cough that does not improve and may produce mucus is another key symptom. Wheezing, which sounds like whistling or rattling in the chest, is also noticeable, especially when exhaling. On the other hand, many patients feel extreme fatigue and lack energy, particularly during physical exertion. Chest pain or a feeling of tightness can signal lung problems. Frequent respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia, may also indicate compromised lung function. Changes in mucus, such as increased production or altered color, are important warning signs.

Moreover, swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs can happen when the lungs fail to clear carbon dioxide properly, causing fluid retention. Shallow or altered breathing patterns may also point to lung distress. Cyanosis, or a bluish tint on the lips or fingernails, shows reduced oxygen levels in the blood, signaling the need for immediate medical attention.

Procedures Before The Transplant

Doctors perform thorough tests and evaluations before a lung transplant to determine if a patient is suitable for the procedure. These tests play a key role in identifying risks and ensuring the transplant’s success. Blood tests check the patient’s blood group to match a donor and assess kidney and liver function. They also screen for infections like HIV or hepatitis and detect antibodies that may complicate the transplant process. Antibodies can develop from prior blood transfusions, pregnancies, or transplants.

Pulmonary function tests measure how the lungs work, including their capacity and airflow. Chest X-rays provide a clear view of the lungs, heart, and chest cavity, helping doctors match the size of donor’s lungs. CT scans offer detailed images of the lungs, showing the extent of the disease.  At the same time, heart-related tests include electrocardiograms (ECG) to monitor electrical activity and echocardiograms to assess heart function using sound waves. A cardiopulmonary exercise test evaluates how the heart and lungs perform during activity, giving insight into the patient’s capacity to handle surgery.

Moreover, ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scans check air and blood flow in the lungs, while right heart catheterization measures pressures in the heart and lungs, particularly for pulmonary hypertension. Doctors may also conduct bone density tests to detect osteoporosis, a potential concern after the transplant due to medication use. These evaluations ensure the patient is ready for the transplant and help minimize complications.

The Process Of Transplant

Dr. Arvind Kumar, a renowned lung transplant surgeon, performs lung transplants with precision and expertise. The surgery begins with a large incision on the chest, tailored to the type of transplant required.   For a single lung transplant, the incision is made on the side of the chest where the damaged lung will be replaced. The surgery typically takes 4 to 8 hours. The surgeon removes the lung in the worst condition and replaces it with a healthy donor lung. In a double lung transplant, the incision stretches below the breastbone and reaches both sides of the chest. The process starts with removing the more damaged lung, followed by transplanting a new lung. The surgeon then repeats this for the second lung in a procedure known as a sequential double lung transplant. This surgery usually lasts 6 to 12 hours.

General anesthesia keeps the patient completely unconscious during the operation. In some cases, patients are placed on ECMO (Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation) or cardiopulmonary bypass. These machines take over the functions of the heart and lungs, ensuring the blood circulates and receives oxygen during the procedure. Dr. Arvind Kumar’s expertise ensures these complex surgeries are performed with meticulous care, providing new hope to patients with severe lung conditions.

The Post Operative Scenario

The recovery time after a lung transplant differs for each patient. Some patients leave the hospital within a week, while others may need to stay for two weeks or longer. The first year after the transplant is the most critical. During this period, patients must visit the doctor regularly and complete all required chest X-rays and blood tests on time. After surgery, the patient moves from the operating room to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Specially trained staff closely monitor their condition. Patients stay in the ICU until their lungs stabilize and they can breathe without assistance. This usually takes a few days to a week, but it may take several weeks for some.

Once the lungs function well, the patient is transferred to a regular ward. After a few days of observation and rehabilitation, the team begins planning for discharge. Families are informed of the expected discharge date several days in advance. The first year after the surgery requires strict care. The transplant team frequently monitors the patient through regular check-ups, blood tests, chest X-rays, and lung function tests. Patients must follow their prescribed medication schedule carefully to ensure the best recovery outcomes.

What To Expect After The Procedure

A lung transplant can greatly improve a person’s quality of life. Many patients notice significant changes, with some living ten years or more after the procedure. These results become possible when experienced surgeons perform the surgery at top lung transplant hospitals in India.